1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- CVSS v4 9.3
- ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
- Vendor: Ruijie
- Equipment: Reyee OS
- Vulnerabilities: Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password, Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor, Premature Release of Resource During Expected Lifetime, Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information, Use of Weak Credentials, Improper Neutralization of Wildcards or Matching Symbols, Improper Handling of Insufficient Permissions or Privileges, Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), Use of Inherently Dangerous Function, Resource Leak
2. RISK EVALUATION
Successful exploitation of this vulnerabilities could allow attackers to take near full control over the device.
3. TECHNICAL DETAILS
3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The following Ruijie product is affected:
- Reyee OS: Versions 2.206.x up to but not including 2.320.x
3.2 Vulnerability Overview
3.2.1 Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password CWE-640
Ruijie Reyee OS versions 2.206.x up to but not including 2.320.x contains a weak mechanism for its users to change their passwords which leaves authentication vulnerable to brute force attacks.
CVE-2024-47547 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47547. A base score of 9.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.2 Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor CWE-359
Ruijie Reyee OS versions 2.206.x up to but not including 2.320.x contains a a feature that could enable sub accounts or attackers to view and exfiltrate sensitive information from all cloud accounts registered to Ruijie’s services
CVE-2024-42494 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-42494. A base score of 7.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.3 Premature Release of Resource During Expected Lifetime CWE-826
Ruijie Reyee OS versions 2.206.x up to but not including 2.320.x contains a feature that could enable attackers to invalidate a legitimate user’s session and cause a denial-of-service attack on a user’s account.
CVE-2024-51727 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-51727. A base score of 7.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.4 Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information CWE-922
Ruijie Reyee OS versions 2.206.x up to but not including 2.320.x could enable an attacker to correlate a device serial number and the user’s phone number and part of the email address.
CVE-2024-47043 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47043. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.5 Use of Weak Credentials CWE-1391
Ruijie Reyee OS versions 2.206.x up to but not including 2.320.x uses weak credential mechanism that could allow an attacker to easily calculate MQTT credentials.
CVE-2024-45722 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-45722. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.6 Improper Neutralization of Wildcards or Matching Symbols CWE-155
Ruijie Reyee OS versions 2.206.x up to but not including 2.320.x could allow an attacker to subscribe to partial possible topics in Ruijie MQTT broker, and receive partial messages being sent to and from devices.
CVE-2024-47791 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47791. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.7 Improper Handling of Insufficient Permissions or Privileges CWE-280
Ruijie Reyee OS versions 2.206.x up to but not including 2.320.x could allow MQTT clients connecting with device credentials to send messages to some topics. Attackers with device credentials could issue commands to other devices on behalf of Ruijie’s cloud.
CVE-2024-46874 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-46874. A base score of 9.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.8 Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) CWE-918
Ruijie Reyee OS versions 2.206.x up to but not including 2.320.x could give attackers the ability to force Ruijie’s proxy servers to perform any request the attackers choose. Using this, attackers could access internal services used by Ruijie and their internal cloud infrastructure via AWS cloud metadata services.
CVE-2024-48874 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-48874. A base score of 9.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.9 Use of Inherently Dangerous Function CWE-242
Ruijie Reyee OS versions 2.206.x up to but not including 2.320.x uses an inherently dangerous function which could allow an attacker to send a malicious MQTT message resulting in devices executing arbitrary OS commands.
CVE-2024-52324 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-52324. A base score of 9.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.10 Transmission of Private Resources into a New Sphere (‘Resource Leak’) CWE-402
Ruijie Reyee OS versions 2.206.x up to but not including 2.320.x could allow an attacker to obtain the devices serial number if physically adjacent and sniffing the RAW WIFI signal.
CVE-2024-47146 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47146. A base score of 7.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.3 BACKGROUND
- CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Communications
- COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
- COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: China
3.4 RESEARCHER
Tomer Goldschmidt and Noam Moshe of Claroty Team82 reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.
4. MITIGATIONS
Ruijie reports that the issues have been fixed on the cloud and no action is needed by end users. However, CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:
- Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
- Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
- When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.
Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.
CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:
No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.
5. UPDATE HISTORY
- December 3, 2024: Initial Publication